Essay about Queen Elizabeth the First - 2116 Words

Queen Elizabeth 1 The reign of Queen Elizabeth I is often referred to as quot;The Golden Agequot; of English history. Elizabeth was an immensely popular Queen, and her popularity has waned little with the passing of four hundred years. She is still one of the best-loved monarchs, and one of the most admired rulers of all time. She became a legend in her own lifetime, famed for her remarkable abilities and achievements. Yet, about Elizabeth the woman, we know very little. She is an enigma, and was an enigma to her own people. Elizabeth was the daughter of King Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. She was born on 7 September 1533 at Greenwich Palace. Her birth was possibly the greatest disappointment of her fathers life. He†¦show more content†¦Famous scholars such as William Grindal and Roger Asham taught her, and from an early age it was clear that she was remarkably gifted. She had an especial flare for languages, and by adulthood, she could reputedly speak five languages fluently. Elizabeths adolescence was no easier than her childhood. While the King lived, she was safe from political opportunists, but when he died in the January of 1547, she became vulnerable to those who saw her as a political pawn. Despite being officially illegitimate, Henry had reinstated his daughters in the line of succession. Mary was to follow Edward, and Elizabeth was to follow Mary. This meant that Elizabeth was now second in line to the throne. Edward was too young to rule himself, as he was only nine years old, so his uncle, Edward Seymour, became Protector of England. His younger brother, Thomas Seymour, was jealous of his position and attempted to overthrow him. His scheme, which involved an attempted kidnapping of the Boy King, cost him his life. He had made no secret of his desire to marry Elizabeth (in Tudor times a girl was considered of marriageable age at twelve) so she was implicated in his plot. It was treason for an heir to the throne to marry without the consent of th e King and his counsel, and at only fifteen years of age, Elizabeth had to persuade her interrogators that she knew nothing of the plot and had not consented to marry the Kings uncle. SheShow MoreRelated Queen Elizabeth the First Essays1762 Words   |  8 Pages Elizabeth â€Å"Semper Eadem† Prologue Known as The Golden Age in English history, the 45 year rule of Queen Elizabeth I turned the declining country of England, into one of the most powerful and prosperous countries in the world. Elizabeth Tutor I was born unwanted to King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn on September 7 1533. Taught by famous scholars in her youth, she excelled at her studies. From an early age, she was seen to be enormously gifted. She had an especial flair for languagesRead MoreElizabeth The First Was The Queen Of England And Ireland1692 Words   |  7 PagesElizabeth the First was the Queen of England and Ireland from 1553 to 1603. She was the final and fifth monarch of the Tudor dynasty. Elizabeth had many talents, which enabled her to be a capable, strong leader. For many reasons Elizabeth was one of the most notable personalities of Tudor, one being that she kept stability in a nation that was troubled with political and religious rebellion. Against the pressures of parliament she maintained authority of the crown. She was able to transform England’sRead MoreThe Life of Queen Elizabeth Ii1407 Words   |  6 PagesThe Life of Queen Elizabeth II Queen Elizabeth II was born Princess Elizabeth Alexandra Mary on April 21, 1926 in London (â€Å"Queen Elizabeth II†). Her father was Prince Albert, Duke of York, and her mother was Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. Elizabeth was never meant to become queen (Smith 6). 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When Elizabeth came into power, she had to rebuild the ruins thatRead MoreBiography on Princess Elizabeth Alexandra Mary1369 Words   |  5 Pagesat 17 Bruton Street in Mayfair, London; The Duke and Duchess of York gave birth to their first child, a daughter, but also a princess. Princess Elizabeth Alexandra Mary was christened in the chapel at the Buckingham Palace. The Princess received her first name after her mother Elizabeth; while she received her middle name from her paternal great grandmother, Queen Alexandra, and paternal grandmother, Queen Mary. She spent her early years at One Hundred Forty Five Piccadilly, London, and WhiteRead MoreQueen Elizabeth Speech Essay1154 Words   |  5 PagesThe prominent Queen Elizabeth I of England gave one of the most zealous speech in the world that echoes throughout history. In 1588 at Tilbury, Queen El izabeth I gave her zealous speech to her troops and trusted allies. Within this speech she encouraged her troops and gave them a nationalistic desire to fight for their land. Queen Elizabeth I gave this speech with the intention of inspiring her troops to fight for her and her cause, along with their people. With this new found hope that was beingRead MoreQueen Elizabeth: The Virgin Queen922 Words   |  4 PagesEngland.† -Elizabeth I (Add Intro) Queen Elizabeth was famously known as â€Å"The Virgin Queen† for never marrying. She refused to share her power. Queen Elizabeth was born in 1533 and she and her sister were claimed to be illegitimate by her father, Henry VIII since he was looking for a male heir to his throne. Her mother, Anne Boleyn, was executed by her husband Henry VIII for what historians believe was false charges of adultery and conspiracy when Elizabeth was just two. Elizabeth stayed at HatfieldRead MoreAn Extremely Brief Biography of Queen Elizabeth I1334 Words   |  5 PagesOn this day in history, March 24, 1603, Queen Elizabeth the first dies, leaving the throne to King James VI of Scotland. Within her reign Elizabeth enforced Protestant religion. In 1587, she had Queen Mary executed, and her conflict continued with the Roman Catholic Spain, and victoriously defeated the Spanish Armada. The Elizabethan age flourished with commerce, literature, arts, and geographical exploration. Elizabeth’s father, King Henry VIII married Anne Boleyn in hopes that Boleyn would bareRead MoreFashion Essay : Queen Elizabeth I1013 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the mid to late 1500s, Queen Elizabeth I revolutionized dress in England, just as other women of power had done throughout the world. As a queen, Queen Elizabeth I’s clothes were reflective of her dominance, opulence and symbolic of her character. It was imperative that the queen’s appearance to the people was impeccable, otherwise she would be criticized as weak and underserving. Catherine L. Howey contends: â€Å"Elizabeth had to present herself as a chaste, virginal woman to prove that she wasRead MoreThe Role Of Queen Elizabeth I And Queen Elizabeth I1271 Words   |  6 Pagesgrand total of 66 monarchs, all varying in historical importance. Queen Elizabeth I and Queen Victoria are two great monarchs still remembered today. Both women were influential figures who coined their own eras. Queen Eliza beth I influenced the Golden Age, bringing learned arts and education into popularity. The Victorian era became known as an age of great wealth and expansion for the British Empire which is attributed to Queen Victoria’s reign. What made these seemingly ordinary women become some

Our Everyday Idol Essay - 1848 Words

| CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR BUS273C | OUR EVERYDAY IDOL | Contents Page 1. Executive Summary 2. Introduction 3. Theories that Apply to the Way Viewers Form their Perception i. Selective Perception ii. Consumer Learning iii. Classical Conditioning 4. Impact of Reality Programs on Various Industries i. Food Industry ii. Home Improvement Industry iii. Entertainment Industry iv. Health Industry 5. Involvement Level and Interactivity that affect Viewers Perception v. High Involvement Level vi. Low Involvement Level 6. Conclusion 7. Appendices 8. Reference List 1. Executive Summary This report discusses about†¦show more content†¦They will be discussed below. i. Selective Perception Selective perception means the viewers see only what they choose to see. In reality TV programs, what viewers choose to see usually depends on what they are familiar with through their experience or their existing knowledge (Schiffman amp; Leon G 2014). Viewers are often relating what they see on these TV programs to their real life experiences. This causes different viewer to react differently under the same stimuli condition, causing them to have different perceptions of these TV programs. In Survivor, contestants are being voted off the show each week (West, N.D.). In order to survive, constant backstabbing may occur and false alliances will be formed (West, N.D.). Although most viewers might find these underhanded methods inappropriate, some who have similar experience find it a norm. Viewers who are working in large corporations have colleagues using these underhand methods to climb the corporate ladder. 2 ii. Consumer Learning Consumers may sometimes purchase a product based on their consumption knowledge or experience which leads to the theory of consumer learning (Schiffman amp; Leon G 2014). Consumer Learning is a process and will constantly evolve and grow based on our knowledge of the product through advertisements and reading or through our experiencesShow MoreRelatedPlatos Reflection Of Human Knowledge1331 Words   |  6 PagesOur Human Knowledge In the first five weeks of the course we discussed four different texts including, Plato’s â€Å"The Allegory of the Cave†, world religions, Bacon’s â€Å"The Four Idols†, and also Carl Jung’s The Structure of the Psyche. Each text addressed different concepts but overall, all the texts seem to have the same central idea which involves human knowledge and human beliefs. It has come up time and time again that as human beings we all want to put our faith into something, whether it’s ourRead More Analysis of Francis Bacons The Four Idols Essay1030 Words   |  5 PagesBacons The Four Idols   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In The Four Idols, Francis Bacon discusses the concept of what fundamentally stands in the way of a human using the correct way of arriving upon a conclusion. Bacon believes there are four falsehoods that delay people from uncovering what they need to: the idols of the tribe, cave, marketplace and theater. At first I thought that these idols did not apply to humans at all, but now, after careful consideration, I understand how each idol relates to humankindRead MoreBacon : Why Humans Are Far From Perfect Essay1387 Words   |  6 Pagescontributions. In one his most influential works, â€Å"Novum Organum,† Bacon poses the idea of the The Four Idols.† â€Å"Idols as Bacon defines them, refer to an illusion, rather than a hero or idol in the sense of a role model. These banes of human existence and scientific progress are called idols because in a state of society in which we incessantly search for accomplishment, knowledge, and the truth, Baconâ⠂¬â„¢s idols exist to complicate people’s judgment in distinguishing what is a truth and what is a falsehoodRead MoreCelebrations a Waste of Money?967 Words   |  4 PagesCELEBRATIONS Festivals are an occasion for us to spend quality time with our family. Most of us hardly know our first and second cousins, aunts and uncles. Our festivals are designed in such a way that we get to meet everybody and perform rituals together, which in turn promotes social unity and brotherhood. At times, certain expenditures are needed to make a festival lively; this helps us spend quality time with the family. To get the feel of the day and make it different from the normal days,Read MoreMy Idod Is My Mother653 Words   |  3 Pagesmy idol is my mother In our lives , we came across many people . We see new faces everyday. Many of them remain anonymous , some may be acquitances, some will become our friends but from that , only one person will become our idol. What makes an idol? In the words of Oxford Learners Dictionary, idol is person or thing that is loved and admired very much. I supposed that everyone of us have their own idol either a pop, singer , Prime Minister , or football players. For me, my mother, or mak asRead MoreThe Allegory Of The Cave By Plato1511 Words   |  7 PagesIn our class, we read three powerful and meaningful texts. We started by reading The Allegory of the Cave by Plato, a Greek philosopher who lived from 428-347 B.C.E. This text led to our reading of The Four Idols by Francis Bacon, an English philosopher who came much later than Plato and lived from 1562 to 1626. Lastly, we read The Word Weavers/World Makers by Neil Postman, who lived from 1931-2003. There seems to be a recurring theme in which they themselves deal with ideas of knowledge and illusionsRead MoreThe Liberal Arts And Education1090 Words   |  5 Pagesof a specific profession. Additionally, it delivers an understanding of the importance of reflection, moderation, and insight. This prepares individuals with problem solving skills and communication skills. These are important in dealing with everyday life experiences, especially with dealing with each other. John Newman explained, â€Å"This process of training, by which the intellect, instead of being formed or sacrificed to some particular or accidental purpose, some specific trade or professionRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1056 Words   |  5 Pagesand our world today share many similarities. Fahrenheit 451 is about futuristic firemen who burn books because they are illegal. Due to the neglecting force towards books, people have an increased interest in technology and are using it all the time. Our world today is quite similar to the world in the novel because in both worlds interactive TV shows are watched often, people are using their technological devices all the time, and tracking devices are used. In the novel’s world and in our worldRead MoreCelebrity Worship Is A Common Day Ritual1437 Words   |  6 Pagesthat the media creates on these celebrities, there are still millions of people who buy into it. â€Å"Not everyone buys into this corporate pop-culture non-sense, and not all pop-culture is created by corporations. Social media has allowed us to create our own pop-culture behind the scenes, but at the same time we follow trends more than ever and they are often dictated by celebrities on outlets like twitter. Celebrities like Kardashian who get paid $10,000 every time she promotes a product in 140 charactersRead MoreFree Will and Moral Responsibility1037 Words   |  4 Pagesnatural determinism. The problem of free will is often described as a question of reconciling free will with determinism. The problems of free will are also rooted in everyday thought, and many philosophers such as Nietzche and Dostoevsky address the issues of free will through the books; Be yond Good and Evil, Twilight of the Idols, and Notes from Underground. They both argued that there is no such thing as free will in this world early on, but later disagreed. Nietzche later developed the idea

Permanent Residency Provisions of Australia †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Permanent Residency Provisions of Australia. Answer: Introduction: This case is about a man named as Kit who is a permanent resident of Australia. In this case study we need to conclude that whether Kit is a permanent resident of Australia or not and how his salary ad investment income needs to be taxed. To answer the question given above one needs to understand the permanent residency provisions of Australia. As per Australian Taxation Law a person would be regarded as a permanent resident if he passes the resides test Management. In a reside test, a person resides in Australia. But if a person could not pass the reside test then he need to pass at least one of the tests given below: Domicile Test: a person would pass the domicile test if he is having his permanent home in Australia. But if he proves that his permanent resident is outside Australia then he would fail this test as well. The 183 day test: a person would pass this test only when he is in Australia for more than 183 days in that respective financial year. Even if he is there for 182 days, he would not be regarded as a permanent resident of Australia. Superannuation Test: a person would pass this test only if he is an Australian Government employee and he is working in any other country other than Australia. He should be working as a government employee in other country to be an Australian citizen. (AustralianGovernment, 2017) Actually he was born in Chile and was also having a Chilean citizenship, but he was also residing in Australia. He was hired by a United States Company, but most of the time he was working on an oil rig coast near Indonesia. He was working in Indonesia but his wife with her children was permanently living in Australia. He was having a home in Australia, which shows that he had an intention to stay in Australia. Three years back they have also purchased a home and his salary used to get credited in Westpac Bank. He was even coming back to Australia, which shows that his intention was to stay in Australia itself. Hence he would be considered as an permanent Australian resident. If a person is an Australian resident, then all the income earned by him has to be taxable in Australia. Whether the income earned by the person is in Australia or outside Australia, it has to be taxed in Australia. In the same way Kits salary income and his investment income has to be taxed in Australia itself. The double taxation agreement between Chile and Australia has to be ignored in this case. If this double taxation is avoided then he has to pay tax on the investment amount in Australia and as well as in Chile. If the double taxation agreement was not ignored then the investment income would be taxable either in Australia or Chile but not both. Hence as per Australian Taxation Law, Kit is a permanent resident of Australia and so all his incomes earned has to be taxed in Australia. (Visas, 2017) As per this case if a company receives an amount which is in excess of the expense of acquisition then it would be regarded as profits from business. It helps in dealings with mineral rights and also concession for the company while selling the objects of its business. This case helps to understand the provisions of business income earned by the company Management. Company was engaged in various other activities as well and so the High Court had finally decided that company had taken several steps to realize the land in the way which was advantageous to the company. Hence the profit was not assessable. In this case realization of an asset in an enterprising was mainly on capital account. It is not to be considered as revenue in nature. At the end Judicial Terrain had ruled out High Court decision. . (AustralianLaw, 2017) This case highlights the provisions of Section 25 (1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936. The company had made a realization which was more than just a realization of an asset. The earlier decision which was taken in this case was overridden. But the judgment of Gibbs CJ only limits the future application. This decision was then expanded in the case of Whitefords Beach in which personal involvement of the taxpayer in directly affecting the sub-division was of more importance. (AustralianGovernment, 2017) If a loss had occurred from an isolated transaction then it has to be deducted under Section 51(1) ITAA 1936. The two cases would be: A commercial transaction was occurred during the course of business which is already running into losses. It was expected that profit will be earned by the taxpayer and would be assessable. It was finally concluded that the transaction was not carried out like in the business like fashion. The taxpayer did not undertake any work beyond what was necessary to secure the approval of the municipal authorities. For this reason the Court finally advised that taxpayer had continued to hold the land as Action View and it was primarily used for residential and primary production purpose. (CapitalGain, 2017) In this case profit was earned by the company in two parts. One was from the sale of land which came to shareholders and other was from the sale of issued share capital of Malgor Pty Ltd. Courts decision was in favour of the company as the scheme was not advanced to the time when it would have completed the sale. It was concluded that the income derived would not be considered under Sec 25 (1) of the Income tax Act. If the income needs to be charged under Sec 26 (a) then there must be a profit making undertaking which should be essential element in the purpose of the taxpayer to make profit by carrying out a scheme. (Austax, 2017) In this case both Brett and Bradley had intention to erect three townhouses on Addison Avenue Property Management. One of the three houses was planned to be sold for a profit and other two to be used for private residence. As per this tax needs to be charged on the house which was sold for a profit. (Austax, 2017) Works Cited Austax, 2017. austaxpbr.com.au. [Online] Available at: https://austaxpbr.com.au/document/PBR_41369 [Accessed 6th May 2017]. Austax, 2017. austaxpbr.com.au. [Online] Available at: https://austaxpbr.com.au/document/PBR_67178 [Accessed 6th May 2017]. AustralianGovernment, 2017. ato.gov.au. [Online] Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/Individuals/International-tax-for-individuals/Coming-to-Australia/ [Accessed 6th May 2017]. AustralianGovernment, 2017. ato.gov.au. [Online] Available at: https://law.ato.gov.au/atolaw/view.htm?docid=TXR/TR923/NAT/ATO/00001 [Accessed 6th May 2017]. AustralianLaw, 2017. eresources.hcourt.gov.au. [Online] Available at: https://eresources.hcourt.gov.au/getPdf/1/238280/1_81clr188.pdf?sequence=3isAllowed=y [Accessed 6th May 2017]. CapitalGain, 2017. austaxpbr.com.au. [Online] Available at: https://austaxpbr.com.au/document/PBR_84107 [Accessed 6th May 2017]. Visas, 2017. visasavenue. [Online] Available at: https://www.visasavenue.com/australia-immigration/australia-permanent-residency-faq/ [Accessed 6th May 2017].

The Massacre in El Mozote as Told by Mark Danner Essay Example

The Massacre in El Mozote as Told by Mark Danner Paper The Massacre at El Mozote as told by Mark Danner takes place El Salvador. El Salvador is the smallest country in Central America. It shares borders with Guatemala and Honduras. El Salvador is divided into 14 departments and El Mozote is a village in one of the Departments called Morazan. According to the author, the Salvadoran Civil War 1979-1992 was a conflict waged by the Military led Government of El Salvador and coalition of left-leaning militias or guerillas called the Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMLN). The FMLN was supported by peasants and indigenous Indian people. The United States supported the El Salvador Military government. The tensions between the classes, the halves and the halve-nots are therefore represented by the two warring factions. The harrowing events in Mark Danner’s Massacre at El Mozote investigates and questions three central issues; the Massacre, the role of American Policies in the region during the Cold War and the executive cover-up of the events as Propaganda. One of the concerns is what responsibility (if any) did the U. S. government have for the massacre at El Mozote? El Mozote was â€Å"uniquely† different from most villages because it had resisted the Liberation Theology taught by left-leaning Catholic Priests and according to the author was â€Å"as as stronghold of the Protestant evangelical movement† (pg 19) . The villagers of El Mozote had their own chapel and referred themselves as born-again Christians and as Danner states were known for â€Å"their anti-communism† (pg 19). The villagers of El Mozote did not support the guerillas. We will write a custom essay sample on The Massacre in El Mozote as Told by Mark Danner specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Massacre in El Mozote as Told by Mark Danner specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Massacre in El Mozote as Told by Mark Danner specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer According to Danner the Massacre at El Mozote takes place when American trained Salvadoran Armed forces called the Atlacatl Batallion arrived at the village and began systematically killing men, women and children by various means such as torturing, hangings, decapitation, and shooting. The U. S government was responsible for the massacre at El Mozote for a plethora of reasons. First, The Reagan administration was well aware of the geopolitical consequences of ceding El Salvador to â€Å"communist subversion in the hemisphere† (pg 40). Also, the growing presence of the Soviets and Cuba in Nicaragua escalated the cold war and in order to ‘draw the line† the Reagan administration â€Å"doubled economic aid for El Salvador to a hundred and forty four million dollars† (pg 40). According to Danner, â€Å"the priorities of American Policy in El Salvador had become unmistakable† (pg 41). Second, The American government was â€Å"opposed to dispatching American combat forces to Central America† (pg 22) and in order to prevent another Nicaragua, Congress agreed to â€Å"reform† the Salvadoran Army by financing, training and arming its troops to fight the FMLN. As Danner notes, â€Å"the Americans had stepped forward to fund the war, but were unwilling to fight it†. Third, the Monterrosa led Atlacatl led batallion through American funding descended in El Mozote with â€Å"the latest M-16’s, M-60 machines guns, 90 millimeter recoilless rifles, and 60- and 81 millimeter mortars†(pg 39) and with a list of names massacred an entire village because â€Å"communism was cancer†(pg 49). The U. S. government was clearly responsible for the Massacre at El Mozote because without the funding, supporting, and training of El Salvador troops the war would have been tilted in the guerillas favor as they had managed to hold the disorganized army in certain areas. In contrast to neighboring departments El Mozote and its inhabitants of born-again Christians did not fit in as guerilla sympathizers. In fact, the training at American hands is questionable because the manner in which the massacre is carried with soldiers tying ropes on trees, using machetes, slitting throats of innocent villagers is not a tactic of warfare I believe America utilizes. The Cold War was about ideology and the El Salvador Army believed it was â€Å"killing Salvadorans who were sympathetic to the insurgents† (pg 53). The El Salvador Army with the support of American resources violated the rules of war in killing an entire village â€Å"without trial or investigation, simply because of the political sympathies of some of their number† (pg 53). The killings carried out by the Atlacatl Batallion in El Mozote were not justice but a contravention of Human Rights. The massacre was reported by Washington Post and the New York times as told to them by Rufina Amaya Marquez, a witness of what had occurred at El Mozote. The response by the American government to news of the massacre was first denial and then portrayal of those reports as â€Å"Propaganda† by â€Å"journalist advocates† sympathetic to the guerillas cause. As the author notes, the geopolitical stakes in Central America and ensuing debate in congress did not leave the White House many options albeit cable reports and first witness accounts of the massacre in El Mozote and La Joya. According to Howard Lane, the Public Affairs Officer in the Embassy, the American Embassy was well informed as to who was orchestrating the killings especially after the murder of Archbishop Oscar Romero as he said Mass (pg 28). The first reports from radio Venceremos estimated Atlacatl as having â€Å"massacred a thousand peasants and various amlets and villages†(pg 87) but according to Danner the commandates believed â€Å"that many hundreds had died†(pg 87). The U. S government clearly shares responsibility for the Massacre at El Mozote because as the author notes ‘it was congress that voted the money that paid for the American guns and helicopters and military advisers† (pg 90) with the false pretense of putting an end â€Å"tort ure and murder of Salvadoran Citizens† (pg 90) with the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. I believe the American response to news of the Massacre as inadequate because of the massive cover-up by both Deane Hinton, The United States Ambassador to El Salvador and White House. Deane Hinton had recently taken up the post and â€Å"Credibility at the embassy was a special concern† (pg 116) and according to Greentree, Hinton was â€Å"the guy who sets the standards† (pg 116). Nonetheless, Greentree as junior officer â€Å"provided the reporting that would enable the government to deny† the massacre at El Mozote despite his belief that the Embassy was under immense pressure. The Embassy was aware of the massacre but responded to the news of the massacre by suppressing â€Å"what was inconvenient† which was the truth of what had happened. As Greentree states, â€Å"the guerillas were trying to make us look as bad as possible† (pg 104). Moreover, on his way back from the refugee camp McKay was of the impression something horrendous had transpired and alluding to Morazan stated â€Å"the fear was overriding and we sensed it and we could tell that that fear was not instilled by the guerillas† (pg 108) as proof of a killing had taken place. The justifications given for the cover-up of the massacre by the American Government is akin to being a complicit in the Human Right violations of the villagers of El Mozote. Also, as Danner notes, â€Å"the cable supplied†¦arguments that they might find useful in impeaching the press accounts of El Mozote† (pg 117). The remarks by McKay show the length the U. S. government went to discredit the numbers reported in Washington Times â€Å"as pure Marxist propaganda devoid of foundation† (pg 126). The American government could deny any Human Right violations had occurred in the hands of American trained Atlacatl as long as â€Å"the overwhelming number of deaths is never legally accounted for by clear or coherent evidence† (pg 125). In the end, the Human Right organizations, Americas Watch, and Amnesty International reports were attacked, smeared and painted as fabrications â€Å"without historical reference†(pg 124). I am of the believe that Congress and White House under the leadership of President Ronald Reagan did not want to be seen as losing the Cold War with Russia’s recent foray into Afghanistan. As a result Congress did not scrutinize the Certification the President sent them to show that El Salvador was complying with â€Å"internationally recognized Human Rights† and Congress rather than side with the truth shirked its responsibility even when the choice was clear a massacre had occurred at El Mozote.