Zoroaster Outline Essay Example

Zoroaster Outline Essay Zoroastrianism l. Zoroastrianism is a monotheistic religion that was once across the board in the Near East and Middle East. (Molloy 438) A. It spread broadly, however is currently for the most part present in India. (Molloy 438) B. Some observe conceivable effect on the improvement of Essenes, early Christianity, and Islam. (Molloy 438) II. The prophet Zoroaster, the originator of the religion, was brought into the world around 650 BCE in what is currently Iran. (Molloy 438) A. He was encircled by the love of nature divine beings, normal to his territory of childhood. (Molloy 438) I. He didn't have faith in his religions practices of the penance of creatures at the fire ltars and the intensity of the ministers. (Molloy 438) B. At age 30, Zoroaster encountered a dream which totally completely changed him. (Molloy 438) I. He felt himself shipped to paradise by a soul he called Vohu Manah (great psyche) into the nearness of the High God Ahura Mazda (insightful ruler). (Molloy 438) C. Zoroasters new message was at first met with solid dismissal, which he accused on devils (daevas) and the sinister head of abhorrence powers, Angra Mainyu (insidious soul). (Molloy 438) I. His unpleasant encounters caused him to have further confidence in great versus fiendish. Molloy 438) D. In the long run Zoroasters lessons arrived at an Iranian King named Vishtaspa, and he utilized his capacity to spread Zoroasters new religion. (Molloy 438) Ill. Zoroastrianism has one holy strict content, called The Avesta. (Boyce 238) A. It should be composed by Zoroaster himself, and incorporates the seventeen Gathas (songs), Yasna Haptanhaiti (Worship of the Seven Chapters, a short formality going with the every day demonstration of clerical love), and two blessed manthras. (Boyce 238) B. We will compose a custom article test on Zoroaster Outline explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Zoroaster Outline explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Zoroaster Outline explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The aggregate of The Avesta was recorded in Iran, under the Sasanian ynasty, and was then a gigantic gathering in twenty-one books. (Boyce 238) C. Just a couple of duplicates were made, and in the pulverization which later went to the Arab, Turkish, and Mongol victories of Iran all were crushed. (Boyce 238) D. The enduring Avesta comprises of rituals, songs, and supplications. (Boyce 238) V. Zoroastrianism spins around the war among great and malice, which are consistently present. (Hinnells 81) A. Zoroaster instructed that God was the sole Good Creator of all things, of sun, moon and stars, of the profound and material universes, of man and brute. Hinnells 81) B. He (Ahura Mazda) is not the slightest bit answerable for malicious on the planet; this originates from the Destructive Spirit (Angra Mainyu) whose nature is vicious and ruinous. (Hinnells) C. The world is a battleground wherein the powers of good and underhandedness do fight. (Hinnells) D. The soul of light and great on the planet is known as Spenta Mainyu (Essence of God). (Molloy 438) V. Zoroastrianism has conviction of perfect Judgment and in an existence in the wake of death of remuneration or discipline, which starts at death. (Molloy 438) A. During life, people are associated with an astronomical battle among great and malevolence. Molloy 438) a) These great activities may comprise of: coming clean, managing others, developing farmland, and rewarding animals compassionate. (Molloy 438) B. Last Judgment starts at death when a people soul must cross an extension that can prompt heaven. (Molloy 438) I. In the event that the individual has been acceptable, the scaffold is wide and the Journey to heaven is simple; however in the event that the individual has been malevolent, the extension turns out to be restricted to such an extent that the spirit falls profound into the profundities of hellfire. (Molloy 438) C. There is additionally a faith toward the finish everything being equal. (Molloy 438) I. At the point when the world reaches a conclusion, there will be a revival all things considered and an extraordinary general Judgment; right now the world will be refined by fire, which will rebuff the underhandedness however leave the great immaculate. (Molloy 438) VI. Zoroastrianism has for some time been a profoundly formal religion. (Molloy 438) A. A Zoroastrian has the obligation to implore multiple times day by day (at dawn, early afternoon, dusk, 12 PM, and day break) within the sight of fire, the image of exemplary nature. (Boyce 247) I. He supplicates standing, and keeping in mind that articulating the named petitions (which incorporate refrains from he Gathas) loosens and reties the kutsi. Boyce 247) a) The kutsi is a holy rope, which ought to be worn continually. (Boyce 247) B. Functions at death are viewed as significant and have a twofold point: to segregate the contamination of the dead body and offer assistance to the spirit. (Boyce 249) I. The body is wrapped into a c otton cover and carried on an iron coffin, and after due supplications by ministers, to a stone pinnacle (dakhma), where the dirtying substance is immediately eaten by vultures and the bones are dyed by sun and wind. (Boyce 249) it. Grievers ollow the casket a good ways off, in pairs, and a short time later make ablutions. Boyce 249) Works Cited Molloy, Michael. Zoroastrianism. Encountering the Worlds Religions: Tradition, Challenge, and Change/Michael Molloy. sixth ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2013. 438-439. Print. Boyce, Mary. Zoroastrianism. The Penguin Handbook of the Worlds Living Religions/Ed. John R. Hinnells. Strand: Penguin Group, 2010. 238-249. Print Hinnells, John. The Cosmic Battle: Zoroastrianism. Eerdmans Handbook to the Worlds Religions/Ed. R. Penetrate Beaver. Herts: Lion Publishing, 1982. 80-87. Print.

Managing Capabilities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Overseeing Capabilities - Essay Example In the initial segment, the examination will attempt to distinguish the idea of asset based view, and significance of capacities for the practical upper hand of an association. This will help in creating hypothetical foundation of this paper. Assets capacities of Walmart will be basically broke down and the systems will likewise be assessed. In the last part, the investigation will break down key capacities of Walmart as far as worth chain examination and VRIN and Ratio Analysis. Hierarchical Resource and Capabilities Seminal research has recommended that, upper hand ought to be quantifiable for organizations else it will be difficult for organizations to comprehend the adaptability of the favorable position that can assist them with pushing forward in rivalry (Porter, 1980). As indicated by Porter (1985 and 1991), organizations can accomplish upper hand with the assistance of cost initiative, item separation and by obliging requests of clients in centered way. So as to set up an upp er hand each association plans and executes techniques. The point is to beat their rivals and addition a higher benefit inside the business. An unrivaled upper hand can be accomplished by making more qualities, which thusly relies upon the assets and hierarchical capacities to use these assets (Besanko et al, 2003). Supportability of the hierarchical methodologies is fundamental for long haul development (Cullen and Parboteeah, 2005). Manageability is basic and it suggests that the systems are not effortlessly assaulted or killed by the contenders (Aaker, 1989). It additionally guarantees a diligent upper hand regardless of whether potential participants or contenders upset by mirroring or killing the systems embraced (Barney, 1991). The asset based hypothesis was created during mid 1990s and as indicated by this hypothesis every association is a pool of assets and abilities. These assets and capacities decide the presentation and procedures of an organization. On the off chance tha t associations begin having assets like one another, at that point the worth made by these organizations will be comparative and there will be no upper hand in the concerned business. An asset based perspective on a firm push onto way reliance and heterogeneity. This is on the grounds that each association has a one of a kind asset pack. The hypothesis additionally contends that to hold a supportable upper hand, an organization ought to have assets and abilities that are significant, not substitutable, incompletely portable and hard to emulate. These four assets can prompt contrasts in the capacities and the techniques followed by the organizations and can be liable for a practical and serious condition. These qualities can be fortified or incited through confining systems (Rumelt, 1984). These instruments are the powers that limit the duplication or balance of serious exercises of different associations. This secluding component comprises of two gatherings. The first is hindrances to impersonation which implies procedures that hinder the potential contestants

6 Types of Hallucinogens and How They Work

6 Types of Hallucinogens and How They Work More in Addiction Drug Use Hallucinogens Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Hallucinogens are a class of drugs that cause profound distortions in a persons perceptions of reality, otherwise known as hallucinations. While under the influence of hallucinogens, users might see images, hear sounds or feel sensations that seem to be real but arent. Almost all hallucinogens contain nitrogen and are classified as alkaloids. Many hallucinogens have chemical structures similar to those of natural neurotransmitters (acetylcholine-, serotonin-, or catecholamine-like). The most commonly abused hallucinogens are: LSDMescalinePsilocybinPCPDMTAyahuasca Hallucinogens can be man-made, or they can come from plants or mushrooms or extracts from plants and mushrooms. Generally, they are divided into two types: classic hallucinogens (LSD) or dissociative drugs (PCP). Either type of hallucinogen can cause users to have rapid, intense emotional swings. Common Hallucinogens Some of the more common hallucinogens include:?? LSD D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a manmade chemical made from ergot, a fungus that grows on certain grains. It is probably the most powerful hallucinogen available, producing hallucinations, changes in the way reality is perceived, and altered moods. It comes as a white powder or clear liquid and has no color or smell. It can come in capsules, but most often comes on small squares of blotter paper or gelatin that users place on the tongue or swallow to take a trip. Mescaline A natural substance found as the main ingredient in the peyote cactus. The top of the spineless peyote cactus plants has disc-shaped buttons that contain mescaline. The buttons are dried out and then either chewed or soaked in liquid to produce an intoxicating drink. Mescaline can also be made through chemical synthesis. Psilocybin A natural substance that is found in hallucinogenic mushrooms that contain psilocybin and psilocin. In large enough doses, psilocybin can produce effects very similar to the powerful hallucinogen LSD. Shrooms as they are sometimes called can be used either fresh or dried. They are normally eaten, mixed with food, or brewed like tea for drinking. PCP PCP is a dangerous manmade substance that was originally developed as an anesthetic but was discontinued for human use in 1965 due to side-effects. It is now an illegal street drug sold as a white powder or in liquid form. It can be snorted, injected, smoked, or swallowed. It produces hallucinations and out-of-body sensations. Usage, especially in large doses, can be life-threatening and lead to serious mental health problems. DMT Dimethyltryptamine, also known as Dimitri, is a natural chemical found in some Amazonian plant species, but it can also be chemically synthesized. It usually comes as a white, crystalline powder that is vaporized or smoked in a pipe or bong. Ayahuasca Sometimes called hoasca, aya, and yage, ayahuasca is brewed from plants containing DMT along with an Amazonian vine that prevents the normal breakdown of DMT in the digestive system. It is usually consumed like tea. How Hallucinogens Work Scientists are not sure exactly how hallucinogens and dissociative drugs produce their effects on the user.  However, classic hallucinogens are thought to affect neural circuits in the brain involving the neurotransmitter serotonin, and dissociative drugs cause their effects by primarily disrupting the actions of the brains glutamate system. The regions of the brain that are affected by hallucinogens control mood, sensory perception, sleep, hunger, body temperature, sexual behavior, and muscle control, the NIDA says.??

Ch 9 Business Law - 1572 Words

Chapter 9 Formation of Traditional and E-Contracts TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS 1. Contract law does not distinguish between promises that create only moral obligations and promises that are legally binding. False. 2. In contract law, intent is determined by the personal or subjective intent, or belief, of a party. False, intent is determined by the objective theory of contracts 3. A bilateral contract comes into existence at the moment promises are exchanged. True, â€Å"promise for a promise† 4. If a voidable contract is avoided, the promisee, but not the promisor, is released from it. False, both parties are released from it 5. A request or invitation to negotiate is an offer. False, an offer is a promise to do or refrain from doing something†¦show more content†¦c. a unilateral contract. d. no contract. 5. Signe offers to sell Thomas her textbook but conditions the sale on Thomas ac ­cepting the offer by March 1. Signe may revoke the offer a. before Thomas accepts the offer. b. before March 1, whether or not Thomas has accepted the offer. c. only after Thomas accepts the offer. d. only after March 1. 6. Mark is creating Nu2U.com, a Web site through which he will enter into contracts over the Internet. Important terms to include in his offers include a. provisions specifying the remedies if the contract is breached. b. a detailed history of his business. c. glowing reviews from former customers. d. his educational background. 7. Deb buys a song through eSongs, an online music vendor. Before completing the purchase and downloading the song, Deb must review a provision stating that she will not make and sell copies of the song and is required to click â€Å"I agree.† This provision is a. a browse-wrap term. b. a click-on agreement. c. a shrink-wrap agreement. d. none of the choices. 8. On behalf of Bobble Head Manufacturing Company, Carmela types her name at the bottom of an e-mail purchase order and submits the order to Designer Parts Company. Under the UETA, Carmela’s typed name qualifies as a. a â€Å"signature.† b. a statement of future intent. c. an assignment. d. a preliminary negotiation. 9. Chicken Egg Farms promises to pay Dex $500 to install a sump pump in its warehouse. Dex com ­pletes theShow MoreRelatedMontesquieus Greatest Mark on Philosophy Essay1522 Words   |  7 Pagesthinkers of the French Enlightenment, the baron de Montesquieu stands out as an especially impassioned advocate for moderation. Montesquieu, of course, left his greatest mark on the philosophy of the governance through his great work The Spirit of the Laws. Though certainly his earlier work The Persian Letters sowed the seeds of many of the ideas featured in his chef d’œuvre. In particular, Montesquieu spends some time in both works examining the universe of possible governments. 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Nursing Delivery Systems Nursing Care Delivery System

Nursing care delivery system describes how organizations deliver care to their patients. Any care delivery system is defined by these elements; Nurse/patient relationship and decision-making, work allocation and/or patient assignments, communication between members of the health care team, and management of the unit environment (Koloroutis. 2004.) In other words, nursing care delivery model defines how work is organized, who is going to perform what tasks, who is responsible for nursing care and clinical outcomes, and who makes decisions. Without knowing the concept of nursing care delivery system in their work settings, nurses may not be able to determine what changes might make a difference and develop efficient health care environment for patients and nursing professionals. Therefore, it is very beneficial for nurses to know their care delivery system and analyze the advantages and disadvantages in terms of quality of care, patient satisfaction, job satisfaction, and cost-effectiveness. They are expected to take role in leadership or managing in current health care settings. In this paper, the team nursing care delivery model will be focused. The team nursing model was developed by Dr. Eleanor Lambertsen in response to the improved technology and shortage of professional nurses in the early 1950s. 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Statutory Disclosure Analysis of Annual Report Free Essays

Below Is the analysis of annual report of consumer product (Hub Seen) and instruction company (Sunday) in compliance to the financial reporting standard. FRR 107 statement of cash Flows Sunday is using direct method while Hub Seen is using indirect method in presenting their Cash Flow Statements in the respective Annual Reports. Direct Method is preferable since this method shows the cash payment and receipts which are this Information are useful to the users of the financial statement In predicting future cash flow. We will write a custom essay sample on Statutory Disclosure Analysis of Annual Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus Sunday is using method that more relevance to the user while Hub Seen is using method that less relevance for the users. FRR 121 The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates Both Sunday and Hub Seen are exposed to the foreign exchange difference. For Sunday, it is arises from operation of its subsidiary that located outside Malaysia. While Hub Seen foreign currency difference Is mostly due to the purchases that denominated In other currencies from Its functional currency. But Hub Seen did not engaged with any formal hedging activities since the transaction is at an acceptable level where as, Sunday is applying natural hedging which is to reduce its risk in foreign currency by borrowing in the country they invested so that they can match he borrowing cost to the revenue earned. Therefore, the foreign exchange risk is reduced. So this information Is useful for the users since the Information Is relevant to predict the future In safeguarding their Investment In the respective companies. FRR 118 Revenue Both companies recognized its revenue according to the approved standard to the extent that it is probable economic benefits flow to the companies. Similar revenues that recognized by both companies are sale of goods, dividend, interest and rental income. The deferent is that, Sunday have more source of income which is sales of repertories under development, land and property Inventories; sale of services, rights and enjoyment; club subscription fees and time share revenue. It Is useful to the users of financial statement when they want to make decision in which industry to invest in or when they want to diversified their portfolios. FRR 119 Employee Benefits Both companies are compliance to the standard in disclosing the defined contribution plan and short term employee benefits to the users. But Sunday have another employee benefit that Is share based compensation that allows the employees to acquire share of Sunday at net of directly attributable transaction cost. Sunday is volunteering in providing such benefit to the employees. So this kind of benefit may improve the motivation of the employees in discharging their duties exceed expectation. Thus, this motivation will lead Sunday in higher performance which is this relevant information is useful to the users in predicting future performance of the company. FRR 124 Related Party Disclosures Key management personnel are considered related party to the company. Therefore, the companies need to disclose the total compensation paid to them. Hub Seen only provided short term employee benefit and defined contribution plan to their key management personnel while Sunday also providing share based payment in addition to the other two types of compensation. This shows that Sunday are more concern with the compensation paid to their key personnel since the key personnel are involving in decision making of the company which determine the company future performance. Therefore, by providing extra compensation compared to other company like Hub Seen, the key management personnel will be happy and motivated n discharging their duties diligently and with due care. FRR 124 Inventories Both companies stated their inventories at lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. But Sunday is using weighted average method while Hub Seen is using first in first out method (FIFO) in determining their cost. For Hub Seen, using this method will show the highest profit compared to weighted average method (WA) and last in first UT method (LIFO) because of the nature of inflation. Even though higher reported gross profit is seem to be favorable to the investor, still this will resulted in higher tax to be paid by Hub Seen. Maybe one of the reason Hub Seen adopted FIFO instead of other method is that, they are engaging in selling perishable item which is not suitable to use LIFO since the left inventories will be obsolete and thus, invaluable. How to cite Statutory Disclosure Analysis of Annual Report, Papers

3M Safety - Marketing Strategies And Plans Click To Get Solution

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Strategy and Plan for 3M Safety. Answer: Introduction Process of the marketing is a crucial element for every organization. Marketing can be defined as an action of selling product and services by identifying the needs and wants of the customers. It also includes research, development and advertising. Every organization needs marketing to sell its products to its targeted customers. This report is basically provides the framework of marketing strategy and plan of the 3M company. The report is on marketing analysis of the company for developing marketing plan. Along with this, factors i.e. competitors analysis, SWOT analysis, target market, marketing mix of the company is also analyzed for making marketing plan. 3M Company is a well known technology company which serves customers and society with innovative products and services in Australia. One of the products of 3M Company is 3M Safety (hard hats) for which marketing plan has been done in this report. The company has strong market position in the Australian market. The company has aro und 650 employees and 11 locations in the Australia. Product lines of 3M Company are liquid filtration, car repair, microbiology products and automatic products (3M, 2016). The customer service department of the company gets around 80,000 orders of the product in every month. The services of the company include automotive, commercial, communications, consumer, design and construction, electronics, energy, health care, manufacturing, mining, oil and gas, safety, and transportation markets in Australia. Today 3m has its operations in more than 60 countries with more than 40 business units. Strategic values of the 3M Company are: To provide higher and best returns to the shareholders by quality and growth, To satisfy the customers by the unique products and services, To work for the welfare of the society, community and environment, and To become a successful country so that employees can feel proud working with it (3M, 2016). Target market of the company: Target market includes attracting the customers from different market. Target market is most significant part of marketing which includes research on consumers hobbies, tastes, interests and needs is done. Basically the concept of target market is that market where any company wants to sell its product and services including set of customers who are targeted. Target market is very crucial part for a companys marketing strategy. 3M Company serves globally with unique products that have been divided into different target markets. The product 3M safety is for the engineers to protect their head and face. For this product, hard hats, target market can be engineers and contractors who work of the constructions. The aim of this product is to deliver protection, safety and comfort (Marketwatch, 2016). Market (Environmental) analysis for the product 3M Safety Macro Environment Macro environment refers to the external environment of the business that cannot be controlled by the company. These factors impact on the performance and strategies and also influence its decision making power of the company. These factors include global, economic, demographics, legal/political, socio cultural, technologies factors. There are also some major internal and controllable factors in macro environment such as industry environment and competitors environments that affects organizations decision making (Turnbull Valla, 2013). There are two types of macro environment: External environment, and Internal environment. External environment A companys external environment consists of all those factors and influences from outside of the company while launching new product. Simply, it means those important factors which affects on companys directions, goals, business model, strategy. External environment includes four major aspects i.e. political aspect, economic aspect, social aspect and legal aspect (Penaloza, Toulouse, Visconti, 2013). Political aspects: 3M Company operates globally and there are different policies and rules imposed by different government in different countries where it is operated. The company adopts and follows each of the regulation imposed by the government. By doing this, company ensures that it is able to launch new product 3M safety successfully and effectively in different political environment. Along with this, company also has its own business strategy to overcome the government limitations and restrictions. Economic aspects: 3m Company is largest and competitive company with many product lines in the market. It has different product line such as electronic and health care, energy, industrial, safety and graphics etc. So, the company has stable economic stability for launching new products. Although there are many risks while operating globally but 3M Safety is able to do struggle to get good economic condition in the market. Social aspects: Every company has to face the some situations created by the society. 3M Company is also affected by the situations in the society where it is launching its new product. Company does not differentiate any customer from other customers. Company always tries to give equal chance to take advantage of the services in the society. The product 3M safety is for the engineers to protect their head and face. Technological aspects: 3M Company always tries to develop new products with the help of current technology such as IT system and internet so that it may be able to reach to its customers across the world. Company has used advanced technology for making this product. Advanced technology helps the company to know the latest development of the business. Along with this, company uses such technology which is suitable for its customers. Internal environment Internal environment includes insider f actors of the company and these factors can be controlled by the company itself. There are main two parts in the internal environment. Those parts are industry analysis and competitors analysis (Ghuman, 2010). Industry analysis: It means the production of the group of products and services by the company where substitutes of those products and services are available. 3M Safety is well known for its services in the Market. The product offers safety and protection to the engineers and workers. Along with this, company has first developed wireless tracking technology named Radio frequency identification (Havaldar, 2005). Competitors analsysis: This environment refers to the collection of information about competitors business, strategy, strength, weakness, and capabilities to operate the business (Brumfitt, 2001). Hard hats named 3M Safety have made a strong image among the customers in the market which makes it different from the competitors. This company is famous because it serves its customers with the same services but in the better quality from the competitors. Because of its quality services, company gets competitive advantages. There are many branches of the company across the world and they serve their customers effectively. Micro environment Todays world is now being so much competitive. Micro environment is an important factor for any company. This environment plays a significant role in the business operation for generating profit and revenue and fulfilling the customers needs and expectations. Macro environment includes three main factors i.e. competitors, public and customers. Competitors: Competitors refer to those people who make the business environment active and identify new ideas of doing business. They always create a good competitive environment and maintain a cooperative situation of business. 3M Safety has been made with unique quality compared to its competitors. 3M directly deals with customers and sometimes through numerous wholesalers, retailers, distributors, and dealers. Main competitors of the company are Johnson Johnson, Reece Australia, Queensland sugar, Ruralco Holdings, JK international etc. Public: It includes the community and society of the people by which company seeks for the success in the market.3M is trying to offer which is better for the public. The strategic goal of the company is to get success with the people that may be connected directly or indirectly with the company. Public includes customers, employees, media, partners and investors. Customers: Customers are the key parts f any business. If a company targets right customers for the product then it will lead success in the market. 3M safety offers safety and protection to its customers. The aim of this product is to retain existing customers and acquire new customers such as contractors, engineers from the market. The making company always focuses on the quality of products which is suitable for the customers. The product has got higher customer satisfaction level compared to its competitors. SWOT analysis of 3M SWOT analysis refers to the analysis of strength, weakness, opportunities and threats which identifies the helpful and harmful factors of the company. These four aspects for the product 3M safety are described below: Strength: 3M Safety has strong and diversified business in the local and international market with best services. It always tries to give best services to the customers. The product has strong brand image in international market. Because of the quality of this product, company generates good revenue and profit every year. This is a product with brand loyalty (Richards, 2010). Weakness: despite of strengths, the product has some weakness also. One of the weaknesses is that there is little weaker performance of 3M safety in the segmented areas. There is a lack of synergy in the business unit of the company. The company is more focused on the competitors and their activities. Along with this, company has weak marketing strategy to promote the product compared to competitors. Opportunities: continuously global expansion may be an opportunity for 3M safety. By the mergers and acquisitions, company can expand its business of 3M safety in the international market. Apart from this, company can invest more in other market for this product. Threats: Rules, regulations and policies imposed by the government may be one of the major threats for the 3M safety because the success of the product is affected by the legal and regulatory processes. Another threat can be cost of raw material in the country. Difference and fluctuation in the costs of labor may be affecting the operations of the business. Currency rates may also affect the success of the product because most of the sales of the 3M safety are in foreign market. Thus, currency rates may be other threats for the company. Objectives 3M Company has made the product for the safety of working persons named 3M safety. It is hard hats which are mainly designed for the protections of head and face of the engineers. The product hard hats provide comfort, safety, security and protection. This marketing plan of hard hats is to promote this product among the people. Objective of making this product is to ensure the safety and protection of customers. The hard hats are light weighted with different customization pattern. The hard hat is easy to adjust on the head and it has lens which protect the eyes. The main goal of the company by making hard hats is to provide safety and protection the engineers and construction workers. Marketing mix of 3M Marketing mix is one of the tools of marketing which is used for the marketing purpose by the company in the market. Marketing mix includes four Ps i.e. Product, Price Place and Promotion (Baker, 2003). Product: 3M safety hard hats have wide range of benefits i.e. safety, protection, comfort of eyes head and face. Now, company should focus to innovate in this product rather than introducing new products. Price: Price is a crucial factor which determines the future of any particular product or service of the company. 3M Company should focus on competitive prices with attractive offers for hard hats to acquire more and more customers. For targeting new customers, company should move in the pricing compared to competitors (Keegan, 2002). Place: The place refers to the appropriate channel to deliver the products and services to the customers. For targeting the customers for hard hats, 3M Company should use strong channels such as internet marketing, smart phones, computers etc. Company should include the best possible technology in its business operation to target new customers. Promotion: Promotion is very important for a business. Without promotional activities, a company cannot sale its products. To promote the product 3M safety hard hats, it is necessary that 3M Company should include new innovations in the promotional activities. Company can focus more on social media marketing through facebook, twitter to promote its products. Company can send e-mails to the consumers and can increase engagement of customers in the business (Pride Ferrel, 2008). Conclusion From the above discussion, it has been analyzed that 3M Company has maintained its brand name globally. It has wide range of products and services to serve the customers. This report has been basically discussed about the marketing strategy and plan of the hard hats. The report is on marketing analysis of the company for developing marketing plan for a product named 3M safety. By the SWOT analysis, it has been analyzed that 3M safety has strong position and strong revenue in the market. But, there are some weaknesses of the product such as weak marketing strategy and only focus on competitors strategy. These are the weaknesses from which company has to overcome. By adopting new strategies like social media marketing and shifting in price, company would be able to get success in its new product. References 3M, (2016), About 3M, accessed on 21st September 2016 from https://www.3m.com.au/3M/en_AU/company-au/?WT.mc_id=www.3m.com.au#pBus 3M, (2016), 3M Business Groups, accessed on 21st September 2016 from https://solutions.3m.com.au/wps/portal/3M/en_AU/about-3M/information/about/businesses/ Turnbull, P. W., Valla, J. P., (2013).Strategies for international industrial marketing. USA: Croom Helm Richards, B., (2010), 3M: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats, accessed on 21st September 2016 from https://www.fool.com/investing/general/2010/08/03/3m-strengths-weaknesses-opportunities-threats.aspx Marketwatch, (2016), 3M targets new products to aid sales growth, accessed on 21st September 2016 from https://www.marketwatch.com/story/3m-targets-new-products-to-aid-sales-growth-2016-03-29-144852358 Brumfitt, K., (2001), The Competitive Business Environment, UK: Nelson Thornes Ltd. Baker,M.J., (2003), The Marketing Book (5th), Burlington: Linacre house, Jordon hill Pealoza, L., Toulouse, N., Visconti, L. M., (2013),Marketing management: A cultural perspective, USA: Routledge Ghuman, K., (2010), Management: Concepts, Practice Cases, USA: Tata McGraw-Hill Education Havaldar, K. K., (2005), Industrial Marketing: Text and Cases, USA: Tata McGraw-Hill Education Keegan, (2002), Global Marketing Management, IND: Pearson Education India Pride, W. Ferrel, (2008), Marketing, USA: Cengage Learning

100 years of army history Essays - Reserve Officers Training Corps

100 years of army history Essays - Reserve Officers Training Corps Making the best military officers in the world; motivating young people to be better citizens. The Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC), as it exists today, began with President Wilson signing the National Defense Act of 1916. Although military training had been taking place in civilian colleges and universities as early as 1819, the signing of the National Defense Act brought this training under single, federally-controlled entity: The Reserve Officers' Training Corps. Army ROTC is the largest officer-producing organization with the American military, having commissioned more than half a million second lieutenants since its inception. The United States Army Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps (JROTC) came into being with the passage of the National Defense Act of 1916. Under the provisions of the Act, high schools were authorized the loan of federal military equipment and the assignment of active duty military personnel as instructors. In 1964, the Vitalization Act opened JROTC up to the other services and replaced most of the active duty instructors with retirees who worked for and were cost shared by the schools. Title 10 of the U.S. Code declares that "the purpose of Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps is to instill in students in United States secondary educational institutions the value of citizenship, service to the United States, personal responsibility, and a sense of accomplishment." History of Army ROTC The JROTC Program has changed greatly over the years. Once looked upon primarily as a source of enlisted recruits and officer candidates, it became a citizenship program devoted to the moral, physical and educational uplift of American youth. Although the program retained its military structure and the resultant ability to infuse in its student cadets a sense of discipline and order, it shed most of its early military content. The study of ethics, citizenship, communications, leadership, life skills and other subjects designed to prepare young men and woman to take their place in adult society, evolved as the core of the program. More recently, an improved student centered curriculum focusing on character building and civic responsibility is being presented in every JROTC classroom. JROTC is a continuing success story. From a modest beginning of 6 units in 1916, JROTC has expanded to 1645 schools today and to every state in the nation and American schools overseas. Cadet enrollment has grown to 281,000 cadets with 4,000 professional instructors in the classrooms. Comprised solely of active duty Army retirees, the JROTC instructors serve as mentors developing the outstanding young citizens of our country. Most Americans don't know there's an Army Reserve, and even many of those who do couldn't explain the difference between it and the active-duty Army. They're even more confused when it comes to distinguishing between the Army Reserve and the National Guard. So, here's all you really need to know about the Army Reserve: The Pentagon could not be fighting the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq without it. As the Army Reserve turns 100 years old April 23, it's worth noting just how much its mission has changed, and what that says about the way the nation is waging war. The Army Reserve is made up of part-time soldiers, who for generations have undergone a period of full-time basic training, and then spent a weekend each month training and a week or two each year on extended exercises. (The National Guard is also a part-time force, whose members report to the governors of their states, but who can be "federalized" and sent off to war just like reservists). During its first 80 years, the Army Reserve was deployed six times, a number it has eclipsed in the 20 years since. Nearly half of the Army's supporting units everything from military police to civil-affairs units now resides in the Army Reserve. Currently 26,000 of the Army's 190,000 Reservists are on active duty, including 6,600 in Iraq and 5,700 in Afghanistan. After the Cold War, the Pentagon made dramatic cuts to its available ground forces, slicing the 770,000-strong active-duty Army to a complement of 479,000 on the eve of 9/11 (it's at 524,000 now). Dreams of waging future wars with $350 million F-22 fighters and $2 billion Virginia-class attack subs quickly evaporated as the mud-and-blood campaigns in Afghanistan and Iraq showed that the U.S. would need plenty of boots on

Dialysis Essays - Renal Dialysis, Kidney Diseases, Organ Failure

Dialysis Essays - Renal Dialysis, Kidney Diseases, Organ Failure Dialysis Biology 202A Anatomy & Physiology II Professor Debra Dutton September 27, 2012 Throughout the United States and other countries, there are many people that suffer from renal failure every day. Dialysis is a way of helping with the kidneys. The kidneys are responsible for filtering all of the wastes products from the blood. It restores the proper balance of electrolytes in the body and eliminates extra fluid from the body also. Even though many individuals kidneys dont work as properly as they used to, the dialysis procedure allows them to live a productively safe life without having complications with their kidneys. There are over 200,000 people that use this technique on an ongoing basis throughout their life. Dialysis is only needed when about 80% to 90% of youre kidney function is lost and when your kidneys can no longer take care of your own bodys needs. Its an imperfect treatment to replace the kidneys function also because it does not fix the endocrine function of the kidney. Although some patients may be worse than others, there are a few stages of lost kidney function that can be very displeasing and should be treated immediately. Dialysis is basically a special medical process, which a persons blood is purified of the toxins, that the kidneys would normally flush out. As the body functions throughout life, they are needed to be removed from the body. When most of the fluids arent removed, they are slowly but surely building up and become worse. As the waste products build up, they cause a sickening feeling in the body called uremia and get short of breath. The many toxins such as parathyroid hormone, polyamines, beta2, microglobulin, and other middle molecules, are thought to be contributed to the clinical syndrome of uremia. The dialysis procedure is usually temporary or can be permanent depending on the individual. For people that are patiently waiting for a kidney transplant, dialysis is most likely temporary for the moment. Sometimes in patients, even after receiving a new kidney, the transplant is rejected after a year or so. While other patients have trouble becoming a candidate for a kidney transplant, dialysis may not ease the illness. The patients having trouble being a candidate for kidney transplant are usually overweight or are very elderly. Some patients are most likely to be a on a life long dialysis routine because of the rejected transplant. Dialysis is not always permanent, although some acute kidney failure can get better as the treatment continues. So there is hope, even though dialysis is a hassle sometimes. There are many ways that can cause kidney failure. The leading cause of kidney failure is diabetic mellitus, the second most common cause is hypertension and third most common is glomerulonephritis. When the two diseases called diabetic mellitus and hypertension are controlled by treatment, the linked kidney disease can often be prevented or slowed down. Medicines, as well as traumatic injury can be another cause of your kidney failing and not functioning right. It can also be hereditary for some individuals. Even though dialysis can be a life saving procedure for many individuals with kidney failure, its not always perfect. Other than the actual dialysis treatment, there are other ways to help with it as well. For example, some patients have to follow a specific diet in order to improve and prevent the kidney from getting worse than it already is. Special diet for dialysis patients is an important factor because being on the treatment alone does not effectively remove all waste products built up. The dialysis diet, controls the intake of fluid, sodium, protein, phosphorus, and potassium. These levels are usually measured immediately before and after the dialysis treatment. There are certain dairy products that are to be avoided because most of them are high in phosphorus. A dairy product that might need to be avoided in the diet are certain cheese, chocolate milk, pudding, yogurt, and milkshakes. These are some of the dairy products that are high in potassium as well but there are many other types of food that are also high. Pineapples, strawberries and blueberries as well as other fruits are low in potassium and are also a good helping hand to the body. Overall, the levels of

Muslims and America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Muslims and America - Essay Example One of the mostly viewed episodes or films in the US is â€Å"30 days: Muslim and America.† The episode was directed by an American, Morgan Spurlock. The film has one main character, Dave, who is a Christian and goes to live in a Muslim family with an aim of learning the Islamic culture. The film has a variety of thematic constituents including religious discrimination, hatred, culture and several others. The episode situates the viewers in a crazy world of terrorism blames and hatred. It makes one think of existing religious differences and conflicts in the American society. Moreover, it probes some reasoning and comprehension of the conflict. By using an American, Dave, who has also the same perception, it is quite predictable that whatever he will face in the Muslim society is violence. This perception however changes when Dave, the Christian American, finds out a total different story in his 30 days of stay in Dearborn, Michigan where most Muslims in the US stay. The episode also situates the viewers in a position where they can easily tell who the wrong one is between the groups, Americans and the Muslims. This is through following carefully Dave’s experience while living in Muslim communities in Dearborn and Michigan. The presence of Mosque and Quran aids in forming more ideas concerning the Muslim society. Dave learns of the friendly nature of the Muslim people and gets convinced that all the evils that people do say about the Muslims are false. For one to comprehend the phenomena in the episode, it is advisable that he or she avoid developing any form of attitude or mental rigidity on certain ideas. Otherwise; the episode will seem like a dream to him or her. Everything will seem to be false. For instance, a viewer with a rigid or static belief that Muslims are terrorists or are always bad people will never gain, or learn any lesson from the episode. One has to develop a neutral mind and love for all; in short, it is better for a viewer to put himself or herself in the shoes of professional judicial persons like judges before venturing into the episode. One must also understand that different groups of people have different cultural behaviors and beliefs. Therefore, an individual should not view or perceive anything done by his or her neighbors as evil and condemn it (Arshad, 2003). Culture is a very crucial aspect of every society and each person should respect one another’s for the purpose of creating a leeway to p eace discovery. The episode situates or positions the viewers in different ways. First, Spurlock has employed a lot of symbolism in a bid to place the viewers in a Muslim society (Arshad, 2003). Through the use of Mosque, Muslim dressing styles, and eating styles, he has indeed made most viewers, I included imagine being in a Muslim society experiencing and learning their cultures. He has also used the interviewing method on both two sides to get their opinions concerning one another. An example of such is the interview of an old man by Dave (Zelizer, 2007). The man tells him that all religions are bound by one common thing or person who is God. The man goes ahead to state that there is only one God with different names. He quotes that â€Å"when one takes one life he destroys humanity† from the Quran (Spurlock, 2011). Spurlock has also employed certain words, editing styles and images to encourage us viewers form certain ideologies. The words like, Jesus Christ and Mohammed, Bible and Quran, have been used in the episode to encourage viewers to form and maintain neutrality throughout the episode. He has also used images like the mosque and Camels (in form of cartoons) to represent a Muslim society in Asia (Zelizer, 2007). The episode also talks much about mistreatment; it does not mention any problems caused by the Muslims to the Christians. However, since the Muslim

Answer the quastions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Answer the quastions - Assignment Example The use and maintenance of these technologies in organization depends mainly on the human resources. By focusing on people, organizations ensure that all other resources in the organization, including business technologies, are fully and effectively utilized. Secondly, managing the human element ensures that organizations fully understand and modify the attitudes people have towards new technologies and the organization in general. As a result, organizations are able to understand people’s fears and concerns, thereby making necessary adjustments if needed. If people cannot embrace and accept these technologies, then the chances of an organization succeeding are greatly reduced. Finally, as businesses attempt to gain a competitive edge over their rivalries, it is prudent that focus is given to people. Nearly all organizations have access to the same technologies, and therefore no organization can effectively gain a competitive edge by focusing on technology alone. People are th erefore an important resource in any organization and consequently, this critical resource needs to be effectively managed. In the modern competitive world, having a properly managed human resource is vital to

Work, Power and Energy Transfer Questions and Answers

Work, Power and Energy Transfer Questions and Answers Amy Harris   Task 1 Packing cases of mass 25kg are to be pushed onto a ramp by use of a  hydraulic ram as shown above. The coefficients of static and dynamic friction  between the box and surface are 0.7 and 0.4 respectively. Assuming uniform  acceleration at all stages. Calculate: a) The maximum force required in the ram to push the crate onto the slope  with an acceleration of 0.25ms b) The velocity of the crate as it leaves the top part of the ramp assuming  this part of the movement takes 1 second. c) The velocity of the crate at the bottom of the ramp d) The distance travelled after leaving the ramp and continuing in a straight  line (assume a smooth curve at the bottom of the slope). e) The total time for the entire movement of the crate. Corrections to Task 1: Task 2 A pile driver hammer of mass 300kg is raised to a height of 3.5m before being released. If there is no rebound after impact with a pile of mass 500kg and the pile is driven 0.1m into the ground, Calculate: a) The initial potential energy of the hammer before release. b) The velocity of the hammer immediately before impact c) The velocity of the hammer and pile immediately after impact d) The deceleration of the pile assuming it is uniform e) The ground resistance Corrections to Task 2: Task 3 Find the velocity of the hammer immediately before impact for the problem given in Q2 above using DAlemberts Principle and write a report comparing it with the conservation of energy method previously used. How do the two methods differ and what were the discrepancies in the results? The DAlemberts Principle can; in some parts, be very similar to the second law motion which Newton introduced. He thought that the law could be rewritten so that we can achieve the appearance of an equilibrium. This principle was made by Jean le Rond dAlembert, he was a French mathematician in the 18th century. It is explained as reducing a problem in dynamics to a problem in statics (The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2016). I found that when referring to the time derivatives of the momenta of the system (Wikipedia, June 2016) DAlemberts principle shows this equation F-ma=0 (The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica, 2016). I researched this formula and found that F=ma'(classes R., no date) and newtons second law states that F= mg (Kearsley, no date) This means that when no external force is present we may use the formula mg-ma=0. Dalemberts principle is different to the conservation of energy method as dalemberts uses the equilibrium of forces when referring to a dynamic system and the conservation of energy method states that in a closed dynamic system the energy total equals zero. They may differ sometimes as they are dealing with different values to come out with the answer, also aspects such as human error when rounding comes into play as a small rounding error can sometimes affect the answer. The conservation of energy method is used more than the that of DAlemberts, perhaps because it is not often that a system is balanced completely which is when DAlemberts is used. The answer I got is the same as I do with the other method, this shows that this method can be used to prove the answer found in task 2.          Bibliography The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica (20 July 1998) DAlemberts Principle [online] Available: https://www.britannica.com/science/dAlemberts-principle [Accessed 24/11/2016] The Editors of Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica (1998) DAlemberts principle | physics, in Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica [online] Available at: https://www.britannica.com/science/dAlemberts-principle [Accessed: 22/02/2017] Classes, R. (no date) Dalemberts Principle [online]Available at: http://kestrel.nmt.edu/~raymond/classes/ph321/notes/dalembert/dalembert.pdf [Accessed: 22/02/2017] References: The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica (20 July 1998) DAlemberts Principle [online] Available: https://www.britannica.com/science/dAlemberts-principle[Accessed 24/11/2016] The Editors of Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica (1998) DAlemberts principle | physics, in Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica [online] Available at: https://www.britannica.com/science/dAlemberts-principle [Accessed: 22 February 2017] Kearsley (no date) Forces [online] Available at: http://www.mrkearsley.com/notes/physics-forces.pdf [Accessed: 2 March 2017]   

Implement person centred approaches Essay

1.1 Define person-centred values Person-centred is about providing care and support that is centred or focused on the individual and their need There are eight person centred values that support person-centred care and support: Individuality, Independence, Privacy, Choice, Dignity, Rights 1.2 Explain why it is important to work in a way that embeds person centred values. Taking into account person centred values, rather than imposing my own choices on them and taking away their own right to independence and choice. It is important to do this as person centred approaches, policies and procedures, as well as care practices should always put the people whom we support at the centre of the day-to-day activities, as well as including the residents and their families in the planning and maintaining of this. 1.3 Explain why risk-taking can be part of a person centred approach. Risk-taking means being aware of the potential hazards, but still carrying on with the activity. Risk Assessment Processes include: visual check, recorded risk assessments. If you were no longer allowed to take risks that means you can’t progress in anything. Risk is about learning! Your inner questions. Can I do it? Can I REALLY do it? To take risk is all about challenge! 1.4 Explain how using an individual’s care plan contributes to working in a person centred way It is document where day to day requirements and preferences for care and support are detailed. Using an individual’s care plan where own needs and wishes are being met, rather than offering them a ‘choice’ of what is available. Using their care plan, you can build on what they want and see where there are gaps that need to be addressed. 3.1 Explain the importance of establishing consent when providing care or support. Consent is agreement to an action i.e. in social care agreeing to a bath or a shower, to medication, agreement to have details shared with others. Lack of consent could be construed as abuse i.e. forcing an  individual to have a shower when they have not agreed. Consent can be in different forms like – Verbal – written – via a representative or advocate. It is important to establish consent because it is a basic human right for everyone to have the choice. 3.3 Explain what steps to take if consent cannot be readily established. Steps to take when consent cannot be established include, not continuing with the task, reporting to the supervisor or manager, recording the information 4.1 Describe how active participation benefits an individual. Active participation is a way of working that recognises an individual’s right to participate in the activities and relationships of everyday life as independently as possible. 4.2 Identify possible barriers to active participation. Barriers include: lack of opportunity, lack of events, lack of staff, unwillingness of residents, and lack of confidence. Ways of encouraging residents include: discussion and encouragement with the individual, providing useful information, using friends and family to encourage, ensuring appropriate activities, peer-group encouragement, persuasion techniques, highlighting the benefits of the activity 5.3 Explain why a worker’s personal views should not influence an individual’s choices. A personal view should not influence individual choices as everyone is an individual in their own right and therefore should be able to make their own choices as their interest would be different to a staff. 5.4 Describe how to support an individual to question or challenge decisions concerning them that are made by others. Different approaches for individual, discussion, providing relevant, information, guidance from friends or family using an advocate or support service. We can also challenge decision where we can encourage questions and comments, be prepared to listen, assist the individual to ask for a second opinion, speak  to/refer the individual to a senior member of staff, use the complaints procedure 6.1 Explain how individual identity and self esteem are linked with well-being Well-being may include aspects that are: Spiritual – Emotional – Cultural – Religious – Social – Political – Sexual – Physical – Mental. Individual identity and self-esteem are linked with well-being as everyone has their own interests and what one person may find interesting another person may not find interesting, for example, some residents like gardening and some don’t and we should never force anyone to do what they don’t like or don’t want to do. 6.2 Describe attitudes and approaches that are likely to promote an individual’s well-being Attitudes and approaches that are likely to promote an individual’s well-being include: being treated as an Individual, dignity – respect, choices and good communication. It can also be environmental which includes physical environment – bedroom, handbag, personal belongings, and social environment – personal boundaries, subjective feelings.

Giorgio Armani: Elegance Without Excess.

GIORGIO ARMANI: Elegance Without Excess. Giorgio Armani is a household name synonymous with not only style and design but also incredible corporate success and branding. The fashion house of Armani is reportedly the most financially successful Italy has ever produced. The master tailor first made headlines by redefining the rules of precision and reinventing the tailored jacket. For Armani, simplicity is key. This doesn’t only apply to his unparalleled craftsmanship and subtle ingenuity however, but also his image and personal life. Unlike many established designers, the name Giorgio Armani bears relatively little published material to his work, as well as no serious in-depth analysis of his aesthetic. Born in Picanza in 1934, there had always been early evidence of the Giorgio Armani prodigy. A sensitive and unusually fastidious child, Armani enjoyed a stable childhood in a hardworking middleclass family. His mother was a great influence in his life, as she dressed elegantly but disdained fashion. It was not surprising to learn that her favourite colours were cream, white, taupe and grey – colours that we know today represent signature Armani. He completed his studies at the University of Bologna, after which he took a job as an assistant window dresser, and then a fashion buyer, in 1954. In 1960s, he worked at menswear company Nino Cerruti as a designer, where he developed his knowledge and understanding of tailoring, fabrics and production. It was a decade later that he met Sergio Galeotti, his partner, with whom he launched his first collection. A pioneer of the fashion industry of the 20th century in many respects, Giorgio Armani himself is the epitome of etiquette, poise and grace – highly reflective in his designs. The Armani loyalty began with the design of the menswear tuxedo, applauded for its timeless elegance and superb fit. To wear Armani was to reflect self-confidence, power, and elegant ease. To many, it represents a status symbol. Despite this haute position in luxury, Giorgio Ar mani did not design for the traditional, and his designs were far from untouchable. He was in fact highly adamant in the notion of wearability, and the importance of being in tune with the times. He considers it an achievement to design clothes for everyday, as that’s how he believes fashion should be in relation to its consumer – accessible, and comfortable. A signature Armani garment should not only portray elegance, but also comfort. Armani gained his fame as he challenged the ideas of rigid jackets – as well as rigid ideals. He redesigned the menswear blazer so that it patterned much simpler, with no lining, no padding, and most importantly, no stiffness. He also extended its length, slimming lapels and creating baggy pockets to give a more modern, refined illusion. As the popularity of signature Armani skyrocketed, so did his reputation and following. It was not long before women were insistent for these menswear elements in their clothing; thus was born the Giorgio Armani Womenswear line. He deconstructed the man’s jacket and reconstructed it on the more curvaceous lines of a womens body, offering the working woman (a new concept at the time) a symbiosis of understatement and sensuality, femininity and power-dressing. Timing was perfect. People were overcoming the â€Å"Flowerpower† phase and Armani facilitated the gap by giving women clothing that was more adapted to the future. It was Armani that developed the concept of androgyny. Armani, quite plainly, redefined early ready to wear with his radically simplistic ideas. He contrasted overdramatized French fashion with more classic Italian fashion, claiming that wome n need a lot less in their clothing these days. The Armani vision was to eliminate the superfluous, emphasize the comfortable, and stress the harmony of the most essential details – in design, materials as well as cut. With his debut of WRTW he intended to create clothing that truly reflected the lives of the women who wear it – real women. Before Giorgio Armani, fashion was constricted, not easy, and outdated. In the world of Mr. Armani, practical and co mfortable are two words that remains an illustration of important fashion prerequisites. Through his childhood Armani had developed a love of textiles. He thus emphasized the importance of quality fabrics. Leather, linen, silk and textural weaves became inherent in his designs. The Armani colour palette rom birth has always been a combination of understated sophistication, bearing a predominant blend of muted and neutral hues. Fascinated by fabrics, he consistently played with the notions of masculinity and femininity. His craftsmanship was immaculate, and he eventually reigned in the indulgence and luxury of eveningwear. The 1970s proved to be a year of success for Armani, as it was around this time that his designs were first brought into the U. S via Barneys New York. His success in the city that never sleeps cemented his future. While Europe was still set on traditional ideals, the American consumer was significantly more open-minded and experimental. Till today, Giorgio Armani says that the American woman was his first client, as his silhouette depicted the casual feeling of American tailoring and fabrication. By 1999, the Giorgio Armani brand had 250 stores on five continents. His knack for business led him to lead the company on a more corporate wavelength. Armani today comprises of several lines, 9 fragrances, and a range of licenses in products from watches to umbrellas. Many of the lines Armani designs for are run rather commercially, where he bases much creativity according to the market. Regardless, Giorgio Armani consistently manages to maintain his design and style philosophy while simultaneously keeping fresh and current. Despite evolving trends and commercial/market demand, Armani has always been loyal to his elegant, timeless aesthetic. While he acknowledges fashion, he is not dominated by the need of novelty in every collection – and remains a critique of the flamboyancies and increased sexuality of the works of his industry peers. The key to his inspiration behind each collection was â€Å"renewal without rejecting the past†. Despite his love for the simplistic 30s and 40s, an era he was always influenced by, he began to play with various ethnicities and cultures in his designs. Giorgio Armani was always fascinated by the orient, fond of the pureness, colours and hues of the Japanese culture. He believes that touches of ethnicity soften the rigidity of a garment, adding to his vision of a women’s relationship to her clothes – the fulfillment of a dream.

How Do Dolphins Go to Sleep

Dolphins cant breathe underwater, so every time a dolphin needs to breathe, it has to make the decision to come to the water surface to breathe and supply its lungs with oxygen. Yet a dolphin might only be able to hold its breath for about 15 to 17 minutes. So how do they sleep? Half of Their Brain At a Time Dolphins sleep by resting half of their brain at a time. This is called unihemispheric sleep. The brain waves of captive dolphins that are sleeping show that one side of the dolphins brain is awake while the other is in a deep sleep, called slow-wave sleep. Also, during this time, the eye opposite the sleeping half of the brain is open while the other eye is closed. Unihemispheric sleep was thought to have evolved due to the dolphins need to breathe at the surface, but may also be necessary for protection against predators, the need for toothed whales to stay within their tightly-knit pods, and for regulation of their internal body temperature. Dolphin Mothers and Calves Get Little Sleep Unihemispheric sleep is advantageous to mother dolphins and their calves. Dolphin calves are especially vulnerable to predators such as sharks  and also need to be near their mothers to nurse, so it would be dangerous for dolphin mothers and calves to fall into a full deep sleep like humans do. A 2005 study on captive bottlenose dolphin and orca mothers and calves showed that, at least when  at the surface, both mom and calf appeared awake 24 hours a day during the first month of the calfs life. Also during this lengthy time period, both eyes of the mom and calf were open, indicating that they werent even sleeping dolphin-style. Gradually, as the calf grew, sleep would increase in both the mom and calf. This study was questioned later, as it involved pairs that were only observed at the surface. A 2007 study, though, showed a complete disappearance of rest at the surface for a minimum of 2 months after the calf was born, although occasionally the mother or calf were observed with an eye closed. This may mean that dolphin mothers and calves engage in deep sleep in the early months after birth, but it is for only brief periods. So it appears that early in the dolphins life, neither mothers nor calves get much sleep. Parents: sound familiar? Dolphins Can Stay Alert for at Least 15 Days As mentioned above, unihemispheric sleep also allows dolphins to monitor their environment constantly. A study published in 2012 by Brian Branstetter and colleagues showed that ​dolphins can remain alert for up to 15 days. This study initially involved two dolphins, a female named Say and a male named Nay, who were taught to echolocate to find targets in a pen. When they identified the target correctly, they were rewarded. Once trained, the dolphins were asked to identify targets over longer periods of time. During one study, they performed the tasks for 5 days straight with extraordinary accuracy. The female dolphin was more accurate than the male—the researchers commented in their paper that, subjectively, they thought this was personality-related, as Say seemed more eager to participate in the study. Say was subsequently used for a longer study, which was planned for 30 days but was cut off due to an impending storm. Before the study was concluded, however, Say accurately identified the targets for 15 days, demonstrating that she could perform this activity for a long period of time without interruption. This was thought to be due to her ability to get rest through unihemispheric sleep while still remaining focused on the task she needed to perform. The researchers suggested that a similar experiment should be done while also recording the dolphins brain activity while the tasks are being performed to see if they engage in sleep. Unihemispheric Sleep in Other Animals Unihemispheric sleep has also been observed in other cetaceans (e.g., baleen whales), plus manatees, some pinnipeds, and birds. This type of sleep may offer hope for humans  who have sleep difficulties. This sleep behavior seems amazing to us, who are used to — and usually need to — fall into an unconscious state for several hours each day to recover our brains and bodies. But, as it was stated in the study by Branstetter and colleagues: If dolphins sleep like terrestrial animals, they might drown. If dolphins fail to maintain vigilance, they become susceptible to predation. As a result, the apparent extreme capabilities these animals possess are likely to be quite normal, unspectacular and necessary for survival from the dolphins perspective. Have a good nights sleep! Sources and Further Reading Ballie, R. 2001. Animal Sleep Studies Offer Hope for Humans. Monitor on Psychology, October 2001, Vol 32, No. 9.  Ã¯ » ¿Branstetter, B.K., Finneran, J.J., Fletcher, E.A., Weisman, B.C. and S.H. Ridgway. 2012. Dolphins Can Maintain Vigilant Behavior through Echolocation for 15 Days Without Interruption or Cognitive Impairment. PLOS One.  Hager, E. 2005. Baby Dolphins Dont Sleep. UCLA Brain Research Institute.  Lyamin O, Pryaslova J, Kosenko P, Siegel J. 2007. Behavioral Aspects of Sleep in Bottlenose Dolphin Mothers and Their Calves. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.